References

Sources and citations

Every clinical number, formula, and reference range on Sehaty traces to a published source. This page lists them in full, grouped by the tool or section that uses them.

Risk assessment

Used by the FINDRISC and ADA risk calculators on the Risk Assessment tool.

  1. Lindström J, Tuomilehto J. The Diabetes Risk Score: a practical tool to predict type 2 diabetes risk. Diabetes Care. 2003;26(3):725–731. The Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISC) — the primary model used in Sehaty.
  2. American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee. Standards of Care in Diabetes — 2024. Diabetes Care. 2024;47(Suppl 1):S1–S321. Source of the ADA risk model and the thresholds used for the secondary score.
  3. World Health Organization. Waist circumference and waist–hip ratio: report of a WHO expert consultation. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2008. Reference ranges for central obesity used in risk calculation.

Body metrics

Used by the BMI and body composition tracker.

  1. World Health Organization. Obesity: preventing and managing the global epidemic. Report of a WHO consultation. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2000. WHO Technical Report Series 894. Source of the WHO BMI classification ranges.
  2. World Health Organization. Waist circumference and waist–hip ratio: report of a WHO expert consultation. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2008. Source of the waist-to-hip and waist-to-height ratio thresholds.

Knowledge test

Question content in the Knowledge Test is drawn from the following patient education materials.

  1. American Diabetes Association. Standards of Care in Diabetes — 2024. Diabetes Care. 2024;47(Suppl 1).
  2. International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas, 10th edition. Brussels: International Diabetes Federation; 2021.
  3. International Diabetes Federation and DAR International Alliance. Diabetes and Ramadan: Practical Guidelines. Brussels: IDF; 2021.

Patient library

Articles are written from the following reference material. Individual articles list their own sources in the article footer.

  1. World Health Organization. Diabetes — Key Facts. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2024. Source for the "What is diabetes?" article — epidemiology, symptoms, and prevention.
  2. World Health Organization. Healthy diet — fact sheet. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2020. Source for diet composition, vegetable and fruit intake, and free sugar limits.
  3. World Health Organization. Carbohydrate intake for adults and children. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2023. Source for carbohydrate quality guidance and fibre recommendations.
  4. American Diabetes Association. Facilitating Positive Health Behaviors and Well-being to Improve Health Outcomes: Standards of Care in Diabetes — 2024. Diabetes Care. 2024;47(Suppl 1):S77–S110. Source for individualized medical nutrition therapy guidance.
  5. International Diabetes Federation. IDF Clinical Practice Recommendations on the Diabetic Foot. Brussels: International Diabetes Federation; 2017. Source for daily foot inspection, footwear, nail trimming, and referral criteria.
  6. International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot. Guidelines on the prevention and management of diabetic foot disease. 2023 update. Source for the evidence base underlying the IDF foot care recommendations.
  7. International Diabetes Federation and DAR International Alliance. Diabetes and Ramadan: Practical Guidelines. Brussels: IDF; 2021.

Nutrition

Carbohydrate counts and glycemic values in the recipe database come from the following sources.

  1. National Nutrition Institute (Egypt). Food Composition Tables for Egypt. Cairo: Ministry of Health and Population. Primary source for per-serving carbohydrate and macronutrient values.
  2. Atkinson FS, Foster-Powell K, Brand-Miller JC. International Tables of Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load Values: 2008. Diabetes Care. 2008;31(12):2281–2283. Source of glycemic index values. Values marked "estimated" in Sehaty are not from this table.
  3. World Health Organization. Healthy diet — fact sheet. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2020.

General epidemiology

Prevalence and incidence figures quoted on the homepage and elsewhere.

  1. International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas, 10th edition. Brussels: International Diabetes Federation; 2021. Source of the adult diabetes prevalence figure cited on the homepage.
  2. World Health Organization. Diabetes — key facts. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2024.